英语中虚拟语气的用法？③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were四、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。①从句的动作与过去事实相反，那么，英语中虚拟语气的用法？一起来了解一下吧。
用法及动词形式
一、表示与现在事实相反的情况：
从句：If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were)
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do
eg：
1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.
如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)
4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.
如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱）
5．If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.
如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）
(注意：一般在虚拟的条件句中无论是第几人称，用到系动词的过去式时，只用were而不用was)
二、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：If 主语+had+done
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done
eg：
1． If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
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虚拟语气的形式和用法
1、对现在的虚拟，表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去式（be的过去式用were.而主句中的谓语动词用would (should,could, might) + 动词原形。见下表：
条件状语从句的动词形式
主句的动词形式
If+主语+ 动词过去式 (be的过去式were.在口语等非正式场合中，I，he，she，it等后面也可用was.但在If I were you中，一定要用were，不能用was.
I (we)should+动词原形
主语 + would(might, could)十动词原形
例句：
·If I were you, I should study English.(fact: I am not you, so I shall not study English.)
·If he had time, he would attend themeeting. (fact: He does not have time, so he will not attend the meeting.)
·If they didn’t take physical exercisesevery day, they wouldn’t be so healthy. (fact: They take physical exercisesevery day, so they are very healthy.)
·If you went to bed earlier, you wouldnot be so sleepy in the morning. (fact: You often go to bed late, so you arealways sleepy in the morning.)
·If this were the case, it would be veryawkward.(fact: This is not the case, soit is not awkward.)
2、对过去的虚拟，表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时, 主句的谓语动词用would (should,could, might)+过去分词。
Subjunctive Mood (虚拟语气)
非真实条件句的虚拟：(if从句比正常情况提前一个时态)
(Ls. 15-16) It wouldn't be so bad if he’d let a taxman work on the forms with him, but he insists on doing it himself…
与现在事实相反： if用过去式或用should/were to 表示更小的可能性，主句用should/would/could/might＋不定式。
I would have thought they were city fellows if I hadn’t seen the flying saucer stepped in.
与过去事实相反： if用过去完成式（had+done），主句用should/would/could/might+have done (完成体)
虚拟语气
一、考点聚焦
1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：
If I were a boy, I would join the army.
If the had time, she should go with you.
（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如：
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/
could might + 动词原形。如；
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇、设想等。
一、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。
1、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！
2、May you be happy!祝你快乐！
3、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！
4、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
二、用动词原形。例如：
1、Long live the people! 人民万岁！
2、“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”
3、Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！
扩展资料
1、虚拟语气在条件句中表示与将来事实相反或与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式，主句would(sHould，could，might)+动词原形。
2、虚拟语气用于If only，一是一个省略了主句的条件句，用来表达某种强烈的不可能实现的愿望。
参考资料来源：百度百科-虚拟语气
以上就是英语中虚拟语气的用法的全部内容，与将来相反的虚拟语气，不全都用 would have。1.wish should/would/might/could +动词原形 例如：I wish I could go to America我希望我能去美国。2.if + should/would +动词原形。
