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初二英语上册知识点,八年级上册英语笔记总结归纳

  • 英语
  • 2023-04-13
目录
  • 八年级上册英语笔记总结归纳
  • 初一英语必背知识点总结
  • 八年级上册英语中考知识点
  • 初一英语上学期知识点
  • 初二上册英语知识点总结归纳

  • 八年级上册英语笔记总结归纳

    初中英语是一门基础学科,下面总结山坦了八年级上册英语重点知识点,希望能够给大家的英语学习提供帮助。

    句子成分和类型

    1.主语:句子所陈述的对象。

    2.谓语:主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。

    3.宾语:分为动词宾语和介词宾语,属于动作的承受者。

    4.系动词:表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义。如 be, 感官系动词(look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel)、保持类系动词(keep, stay 和 remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn 和 go)等。

    5.表语:紧跟系动词后面的成分。

    6.定语:修饰名词或代词的成分。

    7.状语: 修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。

    8.补语:分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明,与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。

    例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.

    你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。

    (You是主语, should keep是谓语,the room是宾语,clean and tidy是宾语补足语。)

    This kind of food tastes delicious.

    这种食物吃起来很可口。

    (This kind of food是主语, tastes是系动词, delicious是表语。)

    注意:主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语、补语是一个句子的主干成分;定语和状语是一个句子的修饰性成分,不是主干成分。

    9.简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。

    10.复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。

    11.两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。

    一般疑问句

    一、不用疑问词,但需要用yes或no回答的疑问句,叫一般疑问句。句末用问号“?”。

    一般疑问句的基本用法及结构一般疑问句用于对某一情况提出疑问,通常可用yes和no来回答,读时用升调。其基本结构是“be / have / 助动词+主语键笑+谓语(表语)”:

    Is he interested in going? 他有兴趣去吗?

    Have you ever been to Japan? 你到过日本吗?

    Does she often have colds? 她常常感冒吗?

    Did you ask her which to buy? 你问没问她该买哪一个?

    二、陈述句变一般疑问句的方法

    1.动词be的疑问式:动词be根据不同的时态和人称可以有am, is, are, was, were等不同形式,可用作连系动词(表示“是”、“在”等)和助动词(用于构成进行时态和被动语态等),但不管何种情况,构成疑问式时,一律将动词be的适当形式置于句首:句型:Be动词+主语~?

    Is your father angry?你父亲生气了吗?

    Yes,he is.是的,他生气了。

    No,he isn't.不,他没生气。

    Were the babies crying last night?(进行时)

    昨天晚上这些孩子们一直在哭吗?

    Yes,they were.是的,他们在哭。

    No,they weren't.不,他们没哭。

    Is English spoken all over the world?(被动语态)

    全世界都说英语吗?

    Yes,it is.是的。

    No,it isn't.不。

    2.动词have的疑问式:动词have根据不同的时态和人称可以有have, has,稿唯含 had等形式,可以用作实意动词和助动词,分以下情况讨论:

    ①用作实意动词表示状态,如表示拥有、患病或用于have to表示“必须”等,在构成构成式时可以直接将have, has, had置于句首,也可根据情况在句首使用do, does, did:

    Does he have [Has he] anything to say? 他有什么话要说吗?

    Do you have [Have you] to leave so soon? 你必须这么早走吗?

    Did you have [Had you] any friends then? 他当时有朋友吗?

    ②用作实意动词表示动作,如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drink)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度过(=spend)”等,构成疑问式时不能将have提前至句首,而应在句首使用do, does, did:

    Does he have breakfast at home? 他在家吃早餐吗?

    Did you have a good time at the party? 你在晚会上玩得高兴吗?

    ③完成时的一般疑问句

    句型:Have(Has)+主语+动词的过去分词+~?

    Have you known her since your childhood?

    你从童年就认识她吗?

    Yes,I have.是的。

    No,I haven't.不。

    过去完成时的一般疑问句

    句型:Had +主语+动词的过去分词+~?

    Had he learned about two thousand English

    words before he came here?

    他来这里以前就已经学了大约两千个单词了吗?

    Yes,he had.是的。

    No,he hadn't.不。

    3.情态动词的疑问式:情态动词的疑问式通常是将情态动词置于句首:

    句型:情态动词+主语+动词原形~?

    Can you bring me some apples?

    你能给我拿来些苹果吗?

    Yes,I can.是的,可以。

    No,I can't.不,不可以。

    Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗?

    Must I finish the work at once? 我必须马上完成工作吗?

    4.实意动词的疑问式:一般实意动词的疑问式,通常应根据不同时态和人称在句首加助动词do, does, did等:

    句型:Do(Does,Did)+主语+动词原形~?

    Do you go to school every day? 你每天都上学吗?

    Does the boy like dancing? 这男孩喜欢唱歌吗?

    Did you see the film last night? 你昨晚看了这部电影吗?

    Did he do morning exercises yesterday?

    昨天他做早操了吗?

    Yes,he did.是的,他做了。

    No,he didn't.不,他没做。

    特殊疑问句

    用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes或no。用降调。为了便于理解、掌握特殊疑问句,我们把疑问词分为三类:

    疑问代词:what,who,Which,whose,whom

    疑问副词:when,where,why,how

    疑问形容词:what(which,whose)+名词

    一、疑问代词的用法

    1.what引导的疑问句

    此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。

    a.对主语提问

    What is in your pocket?

    你口袋里有什么?

    这个问题可以有两种回答:

    a:There is an egg in it.

    在口袋里有一个蛋。

    b:An egg is(in it).

    一个蛋(在里面)。

    There are a lot of chairs in it.

    =A 1ot of chairs are in it.有许多椅子。

    注意

    回答此句型的问题时,答句的单复数根据实际情况而定。

    b.对宾语提问

    What did you buy?你买了什么?

    c.对表语提问

    What is this?这是什么?

    It's a bench.这是一条长凳。

    What is your mother?你妈妈是干什么的?

    2.Who,whom,whose引导的疑问句

    此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。

    Who broke the window?(对主语提问)

    谁打破了窗户?

    who可以对主语和表语提问。whom是who的宾格,对宾语提问,但在口语中who可以代替whom。

    Li Ming did.李明打破的。

    Who is that woman?(对表语提问)

    那个女人是谁?

    She is my mother.她是我妈妈。(关系)

    或者:She is Rose.她是罗思。(姓名)

    二、疑问形容词的用法

    what,which,whose后面跟上名词时,这三个疑问词起形容词作用。

    What sports do you like?(对宾语提问)

    你喜欢什么运动?

    I like basketball.我喜欢篮球。

    Whose pens are these?(对表语提问)

    这些是谁的钢笔?

    They are Li Ming's.这些是李明的。

    Whose father died two years ago?(对主语提问)

    两年前谁的父亲死了?

    Which picture did you take?(对宾语提问)

    哪一张照片是你拍的?

    I took the one on the right.

    右边的那一张是我拍的。

    三、疑问副词的用法

    句型:疑问副词+一般疑问句的语序~?

    (疑问副词在句中作状语,所以它们不可能对主语提问)

    1.when引导的疑问句:询问时间

    When were you born?你何时出生?

    (I was born)on June 5,1962.

    我是1962年6月5日出生的。

    重点短语

    1.buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物

    2.taste + adj. 尝起来……

    3.nothing...but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有

    4.seem + (to be) + adj 看起来

    5.arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地

    6.decide to do sth. 决定做某事

    7.try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事

    8.enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

    9.want to do sth. 想去做某事

    10.start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.

    11.stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分: stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事

    12.dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事

    13.so + adj + that + 从句如此……以至于……

    14.forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

    15.tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事

    初一英语必背知识点总结

    除了知识和学问之外,世上没有其他任何力量能在人们的精神和心灵中,在人的思想、想象、见解和信仰中建立起统治和权威。下面我给大家分享一些八年级上册英语知识,希望能够纯岁帮助大家,欢迎阅读!

    八年级上册英语知识1

    Unit1 Where did you goon vacation?

    【重点语法】

    不定代词:不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。

    用法注意

    1.some 和any+可数名/不可数名。

    some 多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句 。有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。

    2. 由some, any, no,every 与 body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时,其谓语动词用三单。

    3. 不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后:高知如:something interesting

    【重点短语】

    1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物

    2. taste + adj. 尝起来……

    3. nothing...but + V.(原形)除了……之外什么都没有

    4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来

    5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地

    6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事

    7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事

    8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

    9. want to do sth. 想去做某事

    10. start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.

    11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分:stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事

    12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事

    14. so + adj + that + 从句 如此……以至于……

    16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事

    17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事

    18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

    【词语辨析】

    1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照

    quite a few+名词复数 “许多…”

    2. seem + 形容词 看起来…... You seem happy today.

    seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事 I seem to have a cold

    It seems + 从句 似乎..…. It seems that no one believe you.

    seem like ... 好像,似乎….. It seems like a good idea.

    3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名 “到达......”

    arrive at +小地点

    (注:若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略,如:arrive here; get home)

    4. feel like sth 感觉像…

    feel doing sth. 想要做某事

    5. wonder(想知道)+疑问词(who, what, why)引导的从句。

    6. because of +名/代/V-ing

    because+从句

    He can’t take a walk because ofthe rain.

    I don’t buy the shirt because itwas too expensive.

    7. enough +名词 足够的…...

    形容词/副词+enough

    八年级做念睁上册英语知识2

    Unit2 How often do youexercise?

    【重点语法】

    1. 频率副词: always,usually, often, sometimes, never

    频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。

    2.“次数”的表达方法

    一次 once, 两次twice,三次或三次以上:基数词+ times, 如:three times, five times,

    3. how often“多久一次”问频率,回答常含有频率词组或短语。

    常见的how疑问词:

    1)How soon 多久(以后)

    —How soon will he be back?他多久能回来?

    —He will be back in amonth. 他一个月后能回来。

    2)how long “多久”

    —How long did it take you toclean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久?

    —It took me half an hour to cleanthe house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。

    3)How many+名复

    How much+不可名

    “多少” 问数量(how much 还可问价格)

    【重点短语】

    1. go to the movies 去看电影

    2. look after = take care of 照顾

    3. surf the internet 上网

    4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式

    5. go skate boarding 去划板

    6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康

    7. eating habits 饮食习惯

    8. take more exercise 做更多的运动

    9. the same as 与什么相同

    10. be different from 不同

    11. once a month一月一次

    12. twice a week一周两次

    13. make a difference to 对......有影响/作用

    14. most of the students=moststudents

    15. shop=go shopping=do someshopping 购物

    16. be good for 对......有益

    17. be bad for 对......有害

    18. come home from school放学回家

    19. of course = certainly = sure 当然

    20. get good grades 取得好成绩

    21. keep/be in good health 保持健康

    22. take a vacation 去度假

    【词语辨析】

    1.maybe / may be

    maybe 是副词,意为“大概, 可能,或许”,一般用于句首。May be是情态动词,意为“可能是...,也许是...,大概是...”.

    The baby iscrying. Maybe she is hungry.

    The woman may be ateacher.

    2. a few / few / alittle / little

    People can live to 100, butfew people can live to 150.

    There is little timeleft. I won’t catch the first bus.

    Could you give me alittle milk?

    3. hard / hardly

    hard作形容词,意为“困难的,艰苦的,硬的”;作副词,意为“努力地,猛烈地”。hardly为副词,意为“几乎不”。

    The ground is too hard to dig.

    I can hardly understandthem.

    It’s raining hard. The peoplecan hardly go outside.

    4. As for homework, most students do homework every day .

    as for...意思是“至于;关于”,+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。

    如:As for him,I never want to see him here.

    至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。

    As for the story,you'dbetter not believe it.

    关于那故事,你最好不要相信。

    5. That soundsinteresting.

    这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(觉得),seem(好象),grow(变得),get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如:

    It tastes good. 这味道好。

    The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。

    The smoke grew heavier andheavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。

    6. percent 名词,意为“百分之……”

    百分数的表示方法:基数+ percent (不用复数形式),percent做主语时,谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定。

    50%:fifty percent百分之五十

    Fifty percent of the apples arebad. 50%的苹果都坏了。

    Twenty percent of the meat is inthe fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱

    7. not… at all 意为“一点也不”,not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。

    The story isn’t interesting atall. 那个故事一点也没有趣。

    8. It is +adj. to do sth. 做某事是……的。

    It is interesting to playcomputer games. 玩电脑很有趣。

    9. take,spend, pay

    It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“花费某人……时间来做某事”。

    人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 on sth. “买某物花了……钱”。

    人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 (in) doing“花费多少时间来做某事”。

    pay 的主语必须是人,而“花钱买某物”为pay...for...

    10. however 副词,意为“然而,可是”,表示转折关系,可放在句首、句中、句末。

    八年级上册英语知识3

    Unit3 I’m more outgoingthan my sister.

    【重点语法】

    1. 形容词和副词的比较等级

    (1)形容词和副词的原形就是原级

    (2)比较级,表示较……或更……

    (3)最高级, 表示最...。

    2. 比较级句型:

    (1)A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A比B更……”(注意:A与B必须是同级的,即必须是人与人,物与物进行对比)

    (2)“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A比B…”

    (3)比较A ,B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较…...时用句型:

    “Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级,A or B ?”

    Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?

    3. 比较级的特殊用法

    (1)“比较级+and+比较级”,意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+原级”

    (2)“the+比较级(…), the+比较级(…)”意思是:”越…越…”The more, the better.

    (3)主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较......的”

    4. 两者在某一方面相同:A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B.

    Helen is as tall asAmy.

    Peter studies as hard as Tom.

    表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时,用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”

    I am not as tall as my sister.

    5. 形容词,副词比较级前的修饰语。

    当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时,可以用much, a lot, alittle, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用very,so, too, quite等修饰。

    【重点短语】

    1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗

    2. as...as...与…… 一样

    3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛

    4. the most important 最重要的

    5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋

    6. the same as 与……相同

    7. care about 关心/留意/关注

    8. be different from 与…...不同

    9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子

    10. as long as 只要;与…...一样长

    11. bring out 显示/显出

    12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩

    13. reach for 伸手达到/达到

    14. touch one’s heart 感动

    15. in fact 事实上

    16. make friends 交朋友

    17. be good at 在某方面成绩好

    18. the other 另一个

    19. be similar to 与…相似

    20. be good with 与…和睦相处

    21. have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心

    have fun doing sth 做某事很开心

    22. do the same thingsas me. 做和我一样的事情

    23. It’s+adj+(forsb.)to do sth. “做某事(对某人来说)是...的 ”

    24 make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友

    25. as long as 只要;既然,引导条件状语从句

    【词语辨析】

    1. be good at=do well in ,其后可接名词、代词或动名词,表示擅长......

    2. care about 关心

    care for 关爱

    take care (当/小心)

    take care of (照顾)=lookafter

    3. make sb. do sth.: 让(使)某人做某事(make后跟不带to的不定式)

    His father always make me get upbefore five o'clock.

    make sb. +形容词:使某人保持某种状态

    My friends always make me happy.

    4. be like“就像…”I am like your sister.

    look like “外貌上的像 ” I look like my sister.

    5. That’s why+句子:那就是…的原因/那就是为什么…

    That's why I study English hard. 那就是我努力学习英语的原因。

    6. be differentfrom 与……不同

    反:be the same as 与…… 相同

    7. though

    ① adv. 不过;可是;然而(句末补充说明使语气减弱)

    ② conj. 虽然;尽管=although,与but 不能同时用在一个句子中

    He said he would come. He didn’t,though. 他说他要来,可是并没有来。

    Though/Although he has been deadfor many years, many people still rememberhim.

    尽管他已经去世很多年了,但很多人仍然记得他。

    8. get bettergrades 取得更好的成绩

    9. does(助动词do/did),为了避免重复,可代替上文出现过的实意动词。

    10. be good withsb. 与某人相处得好

    八年级上册英语知识4

    Unit4 What’s the bestmovie theater?

    【重点语法】

    1. 形容词最高级: 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。

    标志词:表比较范围时用in/of

    形容词最高级前须加定冠词the,副词最高级前可省略the。

    2. 表示“三者(或以上)中最……的”的句型

    1)A + be + the 形容词最高级 + 表示范围(in/of介词短语)

    2)A + 实意动词 + (the) 副词最高级 + 表示范围的of/in介词短语

    3. 常用句式

    1) Who/ Which…+ 最高级…, A, B or C ?

    2) one of +the +形容词最高级 +名词复数形式, 意为“最…之一”。

    3)序数词后跟形容词最高级

    【重点短语】

    1. so far 到目前为止,迄今为止

    2. no problem 没什么,别客气

    3. have….in common 有相同特征(想法、兴趣等方面)相同

    4. be up to 由…...决定/是…...的职责

    5. all kinds of … 各种各样的……

    6. play a role in doing sth./sth. 发挥作用,有影响

    7. make up 编造(故事、谎言等)

    8. for example=e.g. 例如

    9. take …..seriously 认真对待

    10. not everybody 并不是每个人

    11. close to 离..….近

    12. more and more 越来越……

    【词语辨析】

    1. How do you like+名/代/V-ing=What do you think of :“ 你认为…怎么样?”

    2. Thanks for=Thankyou for +名/代/V-ing:“感谢…”

    3. You’re welcome.=Not at all. 不客气

    4. talent 名(可)天赋

    talent show 才艺表演

    talented adj. 有天赋的

    be talented in 在......方面有天赋

    5. be good at 擅长… (= do well in)

    反义短语:be poor / weak in 在...方面薄弱

    be good for 对……有益,后跟人或事物;其反义短语是be bad for

    be good to 对……好(和善;慈爱),相当于 befriendly to,后面通常接人

    6. all kinds of 各种各样的

    different kinds of 不同种类的

    a kind of 一种…...

    - kind of 有点+adj.: kind of boring / fat /thin

    7. win vt. 赢得+奖品 winner n. 赢者

    8. watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了某事

    watch doing sth. 观看某人正在做某事

    9. 举例:such as 常列举几个例子,不能穷尽,可和and so on(等等)连用;like可和such as互换;for example一般只列举一个,作插入语用逗号隔开,可置于句首/句中/句末。

    八年级上册英语知识5

    Unit5 Do you want towatch a game show?

    【重点语法】

    1. 询问某人对某物的观点及看法:Whatdo you think of …?=How do you like…?

    2. 描述喜好I love/like/ don’t mind/dislike/can’t stand…

    3. 复习巩固一般现在时态:主语+V+其他;主语(三单)+V(三单)+其他)

    【重点短语】

    1. find out 查出/发现

    2. be ready to do 准备做…

    3. dress up 打扮/化妆成

    4. take one's place 代替某人

    5. do a good job 干的好/表演的出色

    6. think of 想到/思考

    7. game show 游戏节目

    8. learn from 向…...学习

    9. talk show 访谈节目

    10. soap opera 肥皂剧

    11. go on 继续

    12. watch a movie 看电影

    13. one of… 其中之一

    14. try one’s best to =do one’sbest to 竭尽全力

    15. a pair of 一双

    16. as famous as 一样闻名/出名

    17. look like 看起来像

    18. around the world 世界各地

    19. have a discussion about 讨论…...

    20. one day 有一天/某一天

    21. such as 例如

    22. a symbol of 一个象征/标志

    23. something enjoyable 快乐的事情

    24. interesting information 有趣的信息

    【词语辨析】

    1. want + n 想要……

    want to do sth 想要做某事

    want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事……

    2. mind 介意,其后+名词/代词/V-ing

    3. stand

    1)“站, 站立” e.g. Stand up! 起立

    2) “忍受”(多用于否定句、疑问句) , 后可+名/代/V-ing

    4. plan vt. &vi.计划, 打算,plan to do sth.

    plan 还可作名词,如:make plans 制定计划

    5. v. discuss (讨论) + ion→ n. discussion

    had a discussion about sth. 对某事进行讨论

    6. happen v. 发生; 出现

    sth+ happens to sb.”或“sthhappened + 时间/地点”句式

    7. 情态动词

    may 语气弱于can,意为“可能”

    might 表推测,语气最弱,意为“可能”

    may/might not 表示否定推测时语气最弱,意为“可能不”

    They may not be very exciting. 它们可能不是那么令人兴奋。

    8. expect to dosth. 期盼做某事

    hope to do sth: 希望干某事

    很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语,如:

    want, like, hope, wish, learn,start, begin, prefer, try, ask

    9. be famousas 作为……而出名

    be famous for sth. 因为......而出名

    10. one of… 后跟可数名词复数,表示…之一。 其后的谓语动词用单数。

    One of my favorite movies is Mr.Bean. 我最喜欢的电影之一是憨豆先生。

    11. show

    n. 节目 TV shows/talent shows;

    v. 展示 show sth. tosb.= show sb. sth.

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    八年级上册英语知识点归纳篇一猜孝衫

    Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?

    短语归纳

    go on vacation去度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains去爬山

    go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营 quite a few相当多 study for为……而学习 go out出去 most of the time大部分时间 taste good尝起来很好吃 have a good time玩得高兴 of course当然 in the past在过去 feel like给……的感觉;感受 go shopping去购物 walk around四处走走 because of因为 one bowl of… 一碗…… the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出;查明 go on继续 take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下 come up出来 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物 taste + adj. 尝起来…… look+adj. 看起来…… nothing…but+动词原形 除了……之外什么都没有

    seem+(to be)+ adj. 看起来…… arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地 decide to do sth.决定去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做穗腔某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事

    forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事

    Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢? so+adj.+that+从句 如此……以至于……

    tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事

    语法讲解

    1. go on vacation 度假 vacation相当于holiday,但vacation表示长的假期。

    4. something interesting有趣的东西

    1)something,anything,nothing,everything是指物的不定代词。

    somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,everybody,everyone是指人的不定代词。 somewhere,anywhere,nowhere,everywhere是指地点的不定代词。

    2)当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时,放于其后; something special; somewhere wonderful.

    3)不定代词、不定副词做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。如:大家都到齐了吗?

    4)something,somebody,someone,somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中

    anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如: 你做了有趣的事吗?(表疑问)

    Why don‘t you visit 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢?(表建议) If anything happens, please tell me. 如果有事情发生,请告诉我。

    6. buy sth. for sb. 或 buy sb. sth 如: buy some books for me. = buy me some books.

    7.提建议的句子: 8. ride bicycles 骑自行车

    ① 如:What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don‘t you + do sth.? 如:Why don‘t you go shopping?

    ③ 如:Why not go shopping?

    ④Let‘s + do sth. 如: Let‘s go shopping

    ⑤ 如:Shall we/ I go shopping?

    13. 辨析: get to/reach/arrive 都是―到达―的意思

    get to+地点=reach+地点= arrivve at+地点(小)=arrive in+地点(大)

    注意:若他们后面要加地点副词here, there, home等,则不需要加介词。

    14.nothing...but...意为―除......之外; 只有‖,如:

    求知学堂英语免费考前辅导资料(内部教材) 姓名:

    such such+名短+ that 从句:She is such a popular girl that...

    so that 从句:结果…(为了) 如:He gets up early so that he can catch the early bus. 反身代词:myself/yourself/itself/herself/himself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves

    如:

    The child (herself) usually wears the clothes (herself).

    27.What a difference a day makes!

    一天的差异多大啊!

    What a/an + adj.+ n(单)+主+谓!或 What + adj. +n(复不)+主+谓!

    How+ adj. +主+谓(联系动词)!或 How + adv+主+谓(实义动词)!

    八年级上册英语知识点归纳篇二

    Unit2 How often do you exercise?

    短语归纳

    help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末 how often多久一次

    hardly ever几乎从不 once a week每周一次 twice a month每月两次 every day每天 be free有空 go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞 play tennis打网球 stay up late熬夜;睡得很晚 at least至少

    have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early早点睡觉

    play sports进行体育活动 be good for对……有好处 go camping去野营

    not…at all一点儿也不…… in one‘s free time在某人的业余时间 the most popular最受欢迎的 such as比如;诸如 old habits die hard积习难改 go to the dentist去看牙医

    morn than多于;超过 less than少于 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事

    How about…? ......怎么样?/ ……好不好? want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事

    How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句? ……有多少……?

    主语+find+that从句. ……发现…… spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光

    It‘s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。 ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事

    by doing sth. 通过做某事 What‘s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么?

    the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式

    语法讲解

    1. exercise (v/n)的用法

    1)(动):锻炼. 如: He exercises every day.

    2) (可数名词):―...操;练习‖. 如:do morning/ eye exercises; do math exercises

    (不可数名词):―锻炼;运动‖讲:如: We often do / take exercise on weekends.

    2. ----How often do you usually go shopping? —Sometimes/Twice a week. 有时候/一周两次.

    1) go shopping 意为―去购物‖。Go+ v- ing : 表示进行某项活动。如:

    Go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking

    2)频率副词:always=all the time, usually, often, sometimes=at times , hardly ever, never

    (1).sometimes: 有时候;sometime:某时;some t

    imes:许多次/倍; some time: 一段时间

    (2). hardly(adv): 几乎不 硬的;困难的;严厉的;勤奋的 a hard writer study/rain hard 3)how often表示―多久一次‖,是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有:

    频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never

    how often 次数+时间段: 如:once or twice a week

    every +时间段: every day (每天) 区别:everyday(每天的;日常的)

    ―一次或两次‖时,一般用once和twice表示。如:once a month(一个月一次)

    而表示―三次或以上‖时,则用―数词+times‖结构。如:five times a year (一年五次)

    4) 由how构成的疑问词组的用法

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    八年级上册英语知识点

    1. see sb. do sth “看见某人做了某事” 强调动作的全过程;

    see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事” 强调动作正在进行。

    如:I saw her go across the street. 我看见她过了马路。

    I saw her going across the street. 我看见她正在过马路。

    2. join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列”“州返薯和某人在一起”

    join + 组织 表示 “加入某个组织”

    take part in 表示 “参加某个活动”

    如:Will you join us?

    I will join the skiing club.

    She is planning to take part in the high jump.

    3. arrive in + 大地点

    arrive at + 小地点

    get to + 地点 = reach + 地点

    如:My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday.

    I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall.

    注意:reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home

    4. leave… 离开……

    leave for… 动身去…/离开到…

    如:They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们要离开北京。

    They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他们要前往日本。

    5. a few“几个,一些” 修饰可数名词

    a little“一点点” 修饰不数名词

    如:There are a few eggs in the basket.

    There is a little water in the bottle.

    6. how long 表示“多久(时间)”世扒; 提问时间段.

    how often 表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提问时间的频率.

    如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. → How long will they stay in Beijing?

    He plays basketball twice a week. → How often does he play basketball?

    7. be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth. 擅长册者于(做)某事 如:She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball.

    8. make sth/sb + adj. 使某物(某人)在某种状态

    keep …sth/sb + adj. 保持某物(某人)在某种状态

    如:Playing soccer can make your body strong.

    Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.

    八年级英语语法知识

    一般将来时

    1. be going to 结构

    ① 表示主语计划、打算做某事。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思,因此通常认为用be going to表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。

    I’m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.

    我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。

    She is going to buy a sweater for her mother.

    她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。

    ②表预测,指根据迹象推测,而且马上或很快就要发生。

    Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain.

    瞧那些乌云!快要下雨了!

    2. will + 动词原形

    表示单纯的'将来事实,常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year…)等连用。will not = won’t; 缩略形式为’ll.

    ① 表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划,是临时的一种决定。

    ---Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆,把你的东西收拾好。

    ---I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。

    ② 表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。

    I’m sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。

    Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。

    ③ 表示许诺。

    I’ll do better next time. 下次我会做得更好的。

    I’ll visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。

    句式:肯定句:I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.

    否定句:I/She/He/They won’t go to play baseball soon.

    一般疑问句:Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon?

    回答:Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they won’t.

    3. 动词plan, come, go, leave等瞬时动词用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。

    I’m coming. 我就来。

    He is leaving for Shanghai. 他将到上海去。

    We are going to Beijing. 我们将去北京。

    八年级英语基础知识点

    【重点单词】

    1. 词形转换

    (1) adj. + ly → adv.

    loud → loudly soft → softly quiet → quietly

    clear → clearly angry → angrily easy → easily

    (2)过去式

    fall → fell break → broke lose →lost throw → threw feel → felt

    (3)

    ill (同义词)sick (名词)illness

    start(同义词)begin

    far(反义词)near

    smoke(现在分词)smoking

    careless(反义词)careful

    important(比较级) more important

    enjoy(现在分词)enjoying

    9.invent(名词)invention; inventor

    indoor(反义词)outdoor

    century(复数)centuries

    coach(复数)coaches

    feel (名词)feeling

    tiring(近义词)tired

    【重点短语】

    1. have a soccer game 进行一场足球赛

    2. fall ill 病倒了

    3. be a little far from… 离……有点远

    4. right away = at once 立刻;马上

    5. miss a good chance 错过一个好机会

    6. get/miss a goal 得到/失去一分

    7. shame on sb. 为某人感到羞耻

    8. do one’s best 尽某人的力

    9. say sorry to sb. 对某人说抱歉

    10. be sure to do sth. 确定做某事

    11. be angry with… 生某人的气

    12. with one’s help= with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下

    13. serve food 上菜

    14. turn up/down… 调高/低(音量)

    15. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事

    16. in a minute 一分钟后;马上

    17. on the phone 在电话中

    18. take a seat 就坐

    19. never mind 不要紧

    20. a lot of traveling 一系列旅行

    初二上册英语知识点总结归纳

    故有知识的人,道义上有为后者代言的义务。人最容易丧失的是同情心,而杜甫就是一个正面例子。下面我给大家分享一些 八年级 英语上册知识点归纳,希望能够帮助大家,欢迎阅读!

    八年级英语汪乱燃上册知识点1

    I’m going to study computer science.

    【重点词语/短语用法解析】

    1.want to be/become + (职业)名词 :“想要成为…..”

    I want to be (be) a scientistwhen I grow up.

    2.write stories 写故事

    tell stories 讲故事

    3.keep on doing sth. 继续做某事陪孝(表动作的反复)

    keeping doing sth. 保持做某事(表动作或状态的持续)

    4. besure about +名/代/V-ing“肯定”

    Are you sure about that?

    make sure (that)+从句“…...确保...…”

    Make sure that both doors are closed whenyou go out.

    5.learn sth. We must learn English every day.

    learn to do sth. I amgoing to learn to play ( play) the piano.

    6. discuss v. 讨论;商量 名词是discussion

    discuss with sb. 与某人讨论 :

    Discuss this question with yourpartner.

    Let’sdiscuss this problem. 让我们讨论一下这个问题。

    All we need now is action, not discussion. 我们现在需要的是行动,不是讨论。

    7. beable to do sth. 能够做某事

    (1)can : can+动词原形,无人称和数的变化。只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时,不能用于将来时。

    be able to + 动词原形,有人称和数的变化,可用于多种时态。

    (2)can 常指客观上能够;be able to 更侧重于经过努力、克服一定困难有能力做成某事。

    He will be able to(能够) speak English next year.(在此不能填can)

    8.promise n. 承诺;诺言 v. 许诺;承诺;答应

    make a promise(to sb) (对某人)许下诺言

    keep a promise 遵守诺言

    break a promise 违背诺言

    promise (sb) to do sth. 许诺某人干某事

    promise (sb) +that 从句

    He promised to help me. 他许诺过要帮助我。

    I promised that I study hard from nowon. 我承诺从现在起努力学习。

    9.have to do with 关于;与……有关系

    The book has to do with computers. 那本书与计算机困虚有关。

    10. takeup sth./doing sth.(尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做

    I am going to take up cooking next year. 明年我将要学煮饭。

    11. Sometimesthe resolutions may be too difficult to keep.

    too+形容词/副词 to+动词原形,表示“太…...而不能...…”如:

    The kid is too young to play thisgame. 这个小孩太小,不能玩这个游戏。

    12.one’sown +名词 “某人自己的东西”, 强调某物为个人所有

    my own book 我自己的书本

    【重点语法】

    一般将来时“am/is/are going to +动词原形”结构

    1. 基本形式

    否定式:am/is/are not going to +动词原形

    一般疑问式:am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他?

    特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?

    He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。

    Look at the dark clouds. There is going tobe a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。

    Is he going to collect any data forus? 他会帮我们收集数据吗?

    What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么?

    2. 基本用法

    (1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。

    Dad and I are going to watch an opera thisafternoon.

    今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。

    (2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测。

    Look! There come the dark clouds. It isgoing to rain.

    瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。

    八年级英语上册知识点2

    Ifyou go to the party,

    you’llhave a great time!

    【重点词语/短语用法解析】

    1. have agreat time 意为“玩得愉快”,=enjoy oneself, have fun, have a good/wonderful / nice time

    have a great / good time in(doing) sth. 做某事很开心

    2. ask sb.(not)to do sth. 要求某人(不)做某事

    The teachers ask us to do (do)lots of homework.

    3. order sth. from+地点“从某地订购食物”

    I want to order some books fromthe book store.

    4. keep…to oneself 保守秘密

    5. unless conj. 除非;如果不

    unless 引导的条件句表示在特定条件下,才决定做或不做一件事。=if...not

    The concert will be held asschedule unless there is a typhoon.= The concertwill be held as schedule ifthere is not a typhoon.

    6. be afraidto do sth. 害怕干某事

    I’m afraid to speak in front ofother people.

    be afraid of sth. 害怕某事

    He told me not to be afraid ofdifficulties.

    be afraid +that从句

    I’m afraid that I can’t finish ontime

    7. be angry withsb.

    We were angry with him forkeeping us waiting.

    be angry at/about sth.

    He is angry at/about your answer.

    I was very angry at what he said.

    8. in the end 最后;终于= at last/ finally

    at the end of 在...末端;到...尽头

    He married the nice girl in theend/at last/finally.

    The school is at the end of thestreet.

    9. careless adj. 粗心的;反义词:careful, 意为“小心的”。

    The boy is very careless. 这个男孩很粗心。

    He is more careful than me. 他比我认真。

    10. advise v.“劝告;建议”n. advice, 是不可数名词.

    Give me some advice!

    advise doing sth. 建议做某事。

    advise sb.(not)to do sth. 建议某人(不)做某事

    I advise waiting till the righttime. 我建议等到适当的时候。

    I advise him not to sleep lateevery day. 我建议他不要每天睡懒觉。

    11. It’s best (not)to do sth. 最好(不)做某事

    It’s best to speak English everyday.

    12. run away from“ 从…逃离” “逃避”

    13. cut …in half “切成两半”

    八年级英语上册知识点3

    Can you come to my party?

    【重点词语/短语用法解析】

    1. one…another… 表示不确定数目中的另一个

    one…theother… 表示两者中的另一个

    I don't like this one, canyou show me another?

    I have two brothers. One is a lawyer andthe other is a manager.

    some…others…表示没有范围限定的“一些…...另一些...…”

    some…theothers… 表示某一范围的“一些...…其余的…...”

    Some go to school by bike and others go toschool by bus.

    Some go to school by bike and the others goto school by bus.

    2. invite v. 邀请 n. invitation

    invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人干某事”

    invite sb. to+地点名词

    1) Mr. Green invited me to visit hisfactory last week.

    2) Thanks a lot for your invitation

    3) Thanks for inviting me to yourparty.

    3.(1)What’s the date today? 意为“今天是几月几号?” It’s +月+日。

    (2)What day isit today? 意为“今天是星期几?”It’s + 星期几。

    —What’s thedate? —It’s September 10th.

    —What day is it today? — It’s Wednesday.

    4.have a lesson(class) 上课

    have an English lesson

    5.prepare v. 准备 n. preparation

    prepare sth. “准备某物”,所准备的东西就是后面的宾语。

    prepare for sth. “为……做准备”,指为后面的宾语做准备

    prepare to do sth. “准备做某事”

    6. bring...to…“带来”把某物从别的地方带到说话人的地方

    take…to…“带去”把某物从说话的地方带到别处去。(两者方向相反)

    Bring your homework here, and take the bookaway.

    把你的作业拿过来,把这本书带走。

    7.without(介词)没有 反义词:with“具有”

    We can’tlive without water.

    Jane is a beautiful girl with long hair.

    8. sothat +从句: 以便于;目的是

    I study hard so that I can get good grades.

    9.surprise n. 惊奇

    surprised adj. 感到惊奇的(指人)

    surprising adj. 令人惊奇的(指物)

    be surprised at sth.“惊奇于某事”

    to one’ssurprise “令某人惊奇的是”

    ① I’m surprisedat the surprising news. 我对这个令人惊讶的消息感到很吃惊。

    ② To my surprise, he left withoutleaving a word. 令我惊奇的是,他一声不响地离开了。

    10.look forward to (介词)+名/代/V-ing

    I look forward to your reply. 我期待你的答复。

    I look forward to seeing you again.

    11.hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信。

    I heard from my friends yesterday.=I got aletter from my friendyesterday.

    12.the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式

    Exercising is the best way to keep healthy.

    13.how to do that. “该怎么做”,疑问词+to do sth常用来做宾语

    I don’tknow how to make a banana milk shake.

    I don’tknow what to do.

    14.at the end of “在…末尾”

    Now, it is at the end of 2014.

    反义短语:at the beginning of “ 在…开始”

    15.be glad/happy/sad to do sth.“很高兴/难过做某事

    I am glad to see you.

    16.reply to sb./sth.“回复…”

    Reply in writing to the invitation “以写信形式回复这份邀请函”

    【重点语法】

    一. 表示邀请的句型

    1. Can/Could you…(come to my party)?

    2. Would you like to..( Would youlike to my party)?

    接受:Sure/Yes/Of course, I’d love/like to.

    拒绝::① I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to/must+V原 (陈述理由 )

    ② I’d love/liketo, but I … (理由)

    3.I’mafraid not. I…(理由)

    二. must与have to

    1. must 表示主观“必须”;must 表示“主观上的要求”,无人称和时态的变化,否定回答: needn’t 或 don't have to(不必)。mustn’t 表示“禁止”.

    2. have to表客观需要,有人称和时态变化,否: don’t / doesn’t /didn’t have to (没必要)

    —Must I be home before eight o’clock? 8点之前我必须回家吗?

    —Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. / No,you don't have to.

    八年级英语上册知识点4

    Howdo you make a banana milk shake?

    【重点词语/短语用法解析】

    1.cut是“切, 割”的意思,过去式为cut。

    cut up 意为“切碎”

    Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up.

    Cut it /them up.

    2.turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等)

    turn off 关掉,截断(电流、煤气、水等)

    turn up 开大,调高(音量、热量等)

    turn down 调低,关小(音量、热量等)

    3.one more thing 另外一件事情

    another ten minutes 再多十分钟

    数字+ more + 物品 指“另外的……

    another + 数字 +物品 指“另外的……

    当数字为one时,常与more连用或只用 another。

    Give me two more hamburgers?

    another two hamburgers

    4. forgetto do sth. 忘记(去)做某事

    forgetdoing sth. 忘记已做过某事。

    5. It’s a time (for sb). to do sth. 该是(某人)做某事的时期了

    It’stime (for sb.)to dosth. =It’s time for sth. 该是(某人)做某事的时间了。

    It’sa time for you to study English.

    It’stime for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.)

    6.give thanks for +名/代V-ing “感恩...…”

    We should give thanks for our parents.

    He gave thanks for life and food.

    7.Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having abigmeal.

    by+sth./doing :

    1)以…...方式 I study English by listening toEnglish songs.

    2)在...…的旁边 I am sitting by the pool.

    3)在...…之前 I have to go to school by 8:00.

    4)搭乘 I go to school by bus.

    8.Here is +名单(宾语) “这是…” 是倒装句

    Here is a photo of my family.

    Here are+名复

    Here are some English books.

    当宾语是代词时,要用顺装。如:Here you are.(对) Here are you.(错)

    9.fill sth. with sth. 用...…把…...装满 (强调动作)

    be full of“装满…”(强调状态)

    I filled the cup with themilk.

    The cup is full of the milk.

    10.put…in(into)…把…...放到...… 里

    11.cover…with…用…...覆盖

    12.cut …into把…...切成...… Cut the apple into four pieces.

    cutup… 切碎

    13.serve v. 服务 n. service

    serve +名/代“提供…” The shop serves nice food.

    serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with somevegetables.

    serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人” Serve the guests with some tea.

    【重点语法】

    名词:名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象及其它抽象概念名称的词。

    一、名词分为专有名词和普通名词。

    专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点、或机构等的专有名称。

    如:Guangzhou,Mike,UNESCO等。

    专有名词一般情况下第一个字母要大写。

    普通名词是表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。

    如:police,eggs,rice等。

    二、普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。

    个体名词:表示某一类人或某一类东西中的个体。

    如:monkey,panda,ruler,boy等。

    集体名词:表示一群人或一类事物的总称。

    如:family,police,class,people等。

    物质名词:表示无法分为个体或不具备确定形状和大小的实物。

    如:Water,air,milk等。

    抽象名词:表示抽象概念词。

    如:hope,love,spirit。

    英语的名词有可数名词和不可数名词两种。

    一般来说,个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。

    三、名词单数变复数的规则总结

    1. 规则变化

    (1)一般在名词词尾加"-s",

    map—maps地图

    bird—birds鸟

    orange—oranges 桔子

    bike—bikes自行车

    (2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加"-es"

    box—boxes盒子

    class—classes班级

    watch—watches手表

    dish-dishes盘,碟子,餐具

    (3)以o结尾的无生命的名词后面加"-s"

    photo—photos相片

    radio—radios收音机

    zoo—zoos动物园

    以o结尾的有生命的名词后面加"-es"

    tomato—tomatoes西红柿

    potato—potatoes土豆

    hero—heroes英雄

    negro—negroes黑人

    (4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加"-es "

    baby—babies婴儿

    family—families家庭

    以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加"-s"

    boy—boys男孩

    toy—toys 玩具

    (5)以fe或f结尾的名词,把fe或f变为v加”-es “

    knife—knives小刀

    wife—wives妻子

    leaf—leaves树叶。

    2. 不规则变化

    (1)child---children

    foot---feet

    tooth---teeth

    mouse---mice

    man---men

    woman---women

    注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。

    如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。

    但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans。

    Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

    (2)单复同形的名词

    如:deer鹿,sheep绵羊,fish鱼,

    Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人

    li里,jin斤,yuan元

    注意:除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:

    a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

    (3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。

    如:people人, police警察,cattle牛等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,apolice,a cattle.

    但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle

    theEnglish,the British,theFrench,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。

    如:The Chinese are hard-working and brave.

    中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

    3. 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词

    (1)maths数学,politics政治(学),physics物理学等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。

    (2)news消息、新闻是不可数名词。

    (3)the United States美国,the United Nations联合国应视为单数。

    The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

    (4)以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也视为单数。

    "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.

    <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

    4. 注意两点

    (1)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双);suit(套);a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

    (2)还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼

    四、不可数名词

    不可数名词意味着这些名词只能是单数,没有复数形式,不能与数目字如one, two等连用,也不能加不定冠词a(n)。

    不可数名词没有单数、复数之分,但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些词计量,我们于是采用这种方法:a+表示这些东西的单位+of+不可数名词,

    如:acup of tea,a box of milk,apiece of paper等。

    如果为了表示多个的概念,我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。

    如:acup of tea---3 cups of tea,a box of milk---12 boxes ofmilk,A piece ofpaper---100 pieces of paper

    【注意】

    a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。例如:

    Cakeis a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物(不可数)

    Thesecakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)

    b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如:

    Thisfactory produces steel.这个工厂生产钢材。(不可数)

    Weneed various steels.我们需要各种各样的钢材。(可数)

    c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:

    Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。

    Twoteas, please. 请来两杯茶。

    d. 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:

    fourfreedoms 四大自由

    thefour modernizations 四个现代化

    八年级英语上册知识点5

    Will people have robots?

    【重点词语/短语用法解析】

    1.many+可数名词 许多......

    much+不可数名词 许多......

    2.live to be+基数词 + years old“活到...…岁”

    3. bein great danger 处在极大的危险中

    4.play a part in +名/代/V-ing. 参与某事/做某事

    Everyone should play a part in saving theearth.

    5.help (sb.) with sth. 帮助(某人)做某事

    He often helps me with my English.

    help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助(某人)做……

    He often helps me study English.

    help oneself ( to ) 自用(食物等)

    Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼

    6.the same as… 和……一样...... 反义短语:be different from

    7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth.某人花了……时间做某事(时态根据具体情况决定)

    It takes me an hour to get to my office.

    spend time/moneyon sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)

    sb. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。

    I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时。

    They spent two years building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。

    8.hundreds of + 名词复数 许多/大量......

    数词+hundred + 名词复数 几百......

    类似的数词还有thousand(千) , million(万)

    There are four hundred students in ourgrade.

    There are hundreds of tourists in Beijingevery year.

    9.during 在…期间

    during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend

    10.the meaning of …的意思

    Can you tell me the meaning of the words?

    【重点语法】

    一般将来时

    一、一般将来时的含义

    一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态,或将来经常发生的动作或状态。

    二、一般将来时的基本结构

    1. will/shall+动词原形

    will 在陈述句中用于各种人称;shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。

    否定式:will not=won't;shall not=shan't

    一般疑问式:will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他?

    特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?

    Iwill/shall do a better job next time. 下次我要做得好些。

    Oiland water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起。

    —Willhe help you with your English tonight? 今天晚上他会帮助你学习英语吗?

    —Yes,he will./No, he won't. 是的,他会。/不,他不会。

    —Whenwill you arrive for America? 你什么时候去美国?

    —Tomorrow. 明天。

    2.am/is/are going to +动词原形

    否定式:am/is/are not going to +动词原形

    一般疑问式:am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他?

    特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?

    He isgoing to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。

    Lookat the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。

    Is hegoing to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集数据吗?

    Whatare you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么?

    三、一般将来时的用法

    will+动词原形与am/is/are going to+动词原形的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。

    1.will主要用于在以下三个方面:

    (1)表示主观意愿的将来。

    Theywill go to visit the factory tomorrow.

    明天他们将去厂参观工厂。

    I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.

    我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。

    (2)表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。

    Todayis Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.

    今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。

    Hewill be thirty years old this time next year.

    明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。

    (3)表示临时决定,通常用于对话中。

    —Maryhas been ill for a week.

    玛丽病了一周了。

    —Oh,I didn't know. I will go and see her.

    噢,我不知道。我去看看她。

    2. begoing to主要用于一下两个方面:

    (1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。

    Dadand I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.

    今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。

    (2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测。

    Look!There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.

    瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。

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