目录英语语法八种基本句型 英语语法不规则之处 英语语法用法最全总结 英语一共有多少语法规则 英语语法归纳大全
新概念英语第一册语法规则:时态
1、 一般现在时:(除主语第三人称)谓语动词都使用动词原形。常与副词“always”,“never”,“often”,“seldom”,“usually”,“every”,“day”等连用。
2、现在握含银进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作。
语法:Be+动词现在分词
3、现在完成时:表动作发生在过去,但与现在有关系。即用一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况。
语法:Have+动词过去分词
4、一般过去时:表过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去常发生的动作。
语法1(be动词):主语+be动词过去式
语法2:主语+动词过去式
5、过去进行时:表某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的段宴作动。
语法:Be动词过去式+动词现在分词
6、 过去完成时:表在过去某一时间或动作以前己经完成的动作。
语法:Had+动词过去分词构成
7、 一般将来老首时:表将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表将来经常或反复发生的动作。
语法1:Will(Shall)+动词原形
语法2:Be+going go+动词原形
8、过去将来时:表从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
语法1:Would(Should)+动词原形
语法2:Be动词过去式+going to+动词原形
新概念英语第一册语法规则:从句
一、宾语从句:宾语从句是由一个完整的句子构成,充当宾语修饰谓语动词、介词和、限定动词和某些形容词的宾语。如果从句部份是一个陈述句或是一个一般疑句(一般疑问句如果做为从句则需变为陈述句)则通常使用引导词“that”、“whether”、“if”加上从句部份来构成宾语从句。如果从句部份是一个特殊疑问句,而把特殊疑问词做引导词在加上由一般疑问句变来的陈述句来构成宾语从句。
例1:由that、whether或if引导的宾语从句。
1、She saw that her was sleeping.她看见他在睡觉(修饰谓语动词“saw”)。
2、She was intersted in whatever she saw there.他对在那无论所看到的都感兴趣(修饰介词“in”)。
3、She didn’t say if her was still alive.他没有说他是否还活着(修饰谓语动词“say”)。
例2:由特殊疑问句的特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。
She asked me where I was going.他问我到那儿去(注意“where”后面的语序)。
二、定语从句:在句中起定语作用,修饰某一名词或代词,或修饰整个主句的从句,叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词称为“先行词”。定语从句常跟先行词后,并由“关系词”(引导词)所引导。对先行词,无论是人或物起到了加以限制的作用。
1、修饰人称一般由关系词“who”、“whom”、“whose”引导。用“who”引导其条件为定语从句所修饰的先行词在整个定语从句中做主语,而且who不能省略。用“whom”引志其条件为定语从句所修饰的先行词在整个定语从句中做宾语,但whom可以省略。用“whose”引导其条件为定语从句所修饰的先行词在从句中做某名词的定语。
2、修饰物一般由关系词“that”引导。
例1:由关系词“who”、“whom”、“whose”引导来修饰人。
1、The lady who is standing behind the counter.那位站在柜台后面的女士。
2、They’re people whom I met during the rtip.这些人是我在旅游时认识的。
3、I’m looking after this boy whose parents have gone to shop.我在照看这个父母去了商店的男孩。
例2:由关系词“that”引导来修饰物。
This is a photo that I took during my trip to Australia.这是一张我到澳大利亚旅行时照的照片。
三、状语从句:状语从句有很多,新概念一册所遇到的有时间状语从句。同样也是由一个完整的句子构成,起到一个时间性说明、限定的使用,称之为“时间状语从句”。一般由以下连词所引导:
1、when(当…时)
2、as(当…时,一边…一边)
3、while(当…时,在…期间)
4、before(在…以前)
5、after(在…之后)
例:
1、When my husband was going into the dining room this morning,he dropped some coins on the floor.今早当我丈夫走进饭厅时,把一些硬币掉在地上了。
2、While we were having breakfast,our little boy found two small coins on the floor.当我们正吃早饭时,我们的小男孩在地上找到了两枚小硬币。
3、 Just as I was opening the window,the telephone rang.当我刚打开窗子时,电话响了。
4、She had finished the housework before she went out.她在做完家务前出去的。
新概念英语第一册语法规则:零散
一、由“there”引起的句子:常见的结构为“there+be”结构。“there”占主语位置,通常表示“有”这个意思。
例:There are some clouds in the sky.天空中有(飘着)一些云。
二、介词“in”根据时态来判断范围:介词“in”与过时间连用则表示在范围以内,如果介词与现在或将来时连用则表示范围以外。
例:
1、I finished the work in two day.两天内我完成了工作。
2、I’ll finish the work in tow day.两天后我将完成我的工作。
三、as…as…或not as/so…as:形容词或副词的同级比较。
例:
1、You are as tall as me.你和我一样高。
2、You are not so tall as me.你没有我高。
四、部份形容词前加冠词“the”表示属于某类。
例:
1、The old老年人。
2、The rich有钱人
3、The best最后的一类。
五、部份名词前加冠词“The”,词未尾在加“’s”表指某一个地方。
例:At the butcher’s.在肉店。
六、“too…to…”结构与“…enough…to…”“太…而不能…”“足够…而可以…”
例:
1、She’s too young to go to school.她太小轻而不上学。
2、The questions were easy enough to answer.这些题够简单而可以回答。
首先是词法:
一,名词
二,限定词
三,冠词(Article)
四,代词
五,数词
六,动词
然后是句法:
一、一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者慧闷必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我前亩弯正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
二、 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定耐旁的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
used to / be used to
used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。
三、 一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
返回动词的时态目录
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回动词的时态目录
be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)
一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3)在时间或条件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。
用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
四、 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have (has) +过去分词。
返回动词的时态目录
比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
用于现在完成时的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late
2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
since的四种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:
I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在这儿。
2) since +一段时间+ ago。例如:
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿,已经有五个月了。
3) since +从句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后,变化可大了。
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
返回动词的时态目录
延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2) 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。
五、 过去完成时
1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意: had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。
2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
六、 将来完成时
1) 构成will have done
2) 概念
a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时,你已经到达上海了。
七、 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法:
a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
不用进行时的动词
1)表示事实状态的动词,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理状态的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3)瞬间动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4)系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
八、 过去进行时
1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。
典型例题
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。
(一) 见到谓语找主语,主谓一致找状语 见到名词想多数,可不可数要记帆旅牢 见到平行看结构,形式功能要对称 见到代词找指代,指代通常不合理 小小of常抓的点,of前名词adj最高级 (二) 谓与非谓经常混 谓语句中就一个 其余动词非谓语 常见形式有三种 ving ved 和to do 主宾通常ving 现在分词表主动 过去分词表被动 目的要用不定式 改错要想拿高分 语凯租法口诀要记牢 (三) 规则是说谎 lie lied lied 不规则是躺 lie lay lain 躺态孙凳过就下蛋 lay laid laid 下蛋不规则
英语语法规则多,各个用法之间的差别有时比较细微,不易弄清楚,更难以记住。但是,如果方法正确,下一些功夫,是可以学到手的。学习英语语法,首先必须弄清每个规则的基本概念和主要用法,然后再分辨与它相近的别的规则或用法的差异。这样才能弄清规则,记住用法。宽搭可以采取归纳、分类、对比等方法来达到上面的目的。
下面几种办法对理解和记住英语语法规则会有所帮助:
(1)将一条规则或一个词的所有用法归纳起来学习。比如将连词as的5种常见用法归纳如下:
①They took notes as they listened to the lecture.(表示时间)
②As you are tired,you had better have arest.(表示原因)
③He doesn’t speak as others do.(表示方式)
④Do not make the same mistakes as I did. (表示比较)
⑤Rich as he is,he is not happy. (表示让步,rich as he is意思与though he is rich相同)
又基谨如,在学完现在完成时的各种用法之后,可以将这些用法归纳起来学习。
(2)将容易混淆的不同的语法规则和词的用法,排在一起进行对比,很有利于分清差别。下面简单对比不定代词some,any,no的不同用法:
Our teacher has some English novels. (some在肯定句中作定语)
Have you any French novels?(any在疑问句中作定语)
No,l haven’t have any French novels.(any和not用在否定句中,any作定语)
She has no German novels. (no在否定句中作定语)
又如人们学习英语现在完成时,常将它与过去一般时的用法相比较,学习将来一般时常将shall,will,to be going to,be+动词不定式进行比较。
(3)将内容相同而用法有细微差别的一些语法现象或词加以分类。如表示时间的介词有at,in,on,buring,for,from,before,after,by,past,since,till,to,within,表示地点的介词有above,at,in,on,behind,below,beside,down,into,out of,over,under等。再找出一些典型的例子比较其用法的差别,就会加深印象。
学习英语的最终目的不仅仅是理解和记清规则和用法,而是要能使用它。因此,在懂得了规则慎锋拿之后,还有必要进行口头、笔语练习以及听力和阅读的实践。语言的练习和实践,是学习语言最有效的方法。等到能使用英语时,就用不着再去专门记忆语法规则了。
英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后,英语语法地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。
词类和句类▪词类▪句类
词语▪名词▪代词▪数词▪动词▪感喊闭叹词▪其他 时态、语态和语气▪时态▪语态▪语气句子成分
句型结构▪简腔渗闹单句▪It引导结构▪并列句▪复合句
名词:名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:伍罩book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。
集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。